The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) yesterday released a consultation paper proposing a comprehensive regulatory framework for authorisation of satellite communication networks and assignment of spectrum, amid rapid growth of non-terrestrial networks and emerging satellite-based broadband services.

In its consultation paper, TRAI has emphasised the need for a transparent, technology-neutral and forward-looking regulatory structure that can accommodate emerging satellite-based services, including low earth orbit (LEO) constellations, while ensuring efficient spectrum utilisation, fair competition, and adherence to security and public policy requirements.

The regulator has flagged several structural and operational issues for stakeholder inputs, spanning the entire lifecycle of satellite communication services—from entry conditions and operational obligations to spectrum access and compliance mechanisms.

Meanwhile, a PTI report added that the consultation paper seeks views also on whether direct-to-device (D2D) service should be provided using spectrum meant for mobile satellite services or frequencies available for normal mobile services like 4G and 5G. The provisioning of D2D is expected to bring satellite communication services at par with mobile service providers.

A key area under consideration is the framework for grant of authorisation to satellite communication service providers. TRAI has sought views on parameters such as service areas, validity period of authorisation, eligibility criteria, minimum net worth requirements, and associated financial obligations including entry fees, processing charges, authorisation fees, bank guarantees, and security deposits.

The consultation also examines rollout obligations and whether additional conditions should be imposed on foreign entities seeking to provide services in India.

The consultation paper further explores common regulatory conditions that would apply across authorised entities. These include norms for renewal and associated fees, rules governing equity ownership and management control, and restrictions on cross-holding between different segments of the broadcasting and distribution ecosystem. Issues relating to transfer or surrender of authorisation and mandatory infrastructure sharing have also been placed under consultation.

In addition, TRAI has raised questions on specific operational conditions for service providers, including whether vertically integrated entities should be allowed to reserve operational channel capacity, and the scope for platform services offered by application providers. The regulator has also proposed provisions relating to monitoring and inspection of facilities, mandatory sharing of information with the government and TRAI, and penalties for contravention of authorisation conditions.

An important aspect under discussion is whether obligations currently applicable to traditional distribution platforms—such as mandatory sharing of sports broadcasting signals and compulsory carriage of certain channels—should be extended to satellite-based service providers.

The consultation delves into compliance and certification mechanisms, particularly in the context of television manufacturers and operating system providers. TRAI has sought views on ensuring that applications —whether pre-installed or downloadable — adhere to regulatory requirements when offering satellite-based broadcasting or content services.

Further, the paper examines whether broadcasters or content providers distributing channels over such platforms should be required to obtain prior authorisation, either for satellite-based or ground-based broadcasting, before entering into agreements with service providers.

On the commercial side, TRAI has invited comments on pricing-related issues, including the appropriate framework for pricing of pay television channels offered via satellite communication platforms, with a focus on maintaining regulatory parity and preventing market distortions.

Through this consultation, TRAI aims to put in place a cohesive and future-ready regulatory regime that can support the growth of satellite communications as a critical component of India’s digital infrastructure, while ensuring a level playing field across technologies and safeguarding consumer and national interests.